Investigations on the optical forces from three mainstream optical resonances in all-dielectric nanostructure arrays

• Guangdong Wang and
• Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 674–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.53

• large contrast in the optical forces generated with these resonances is attributed to a higher electromagnetic field enhancement provided by the quasi-BIC. These results suggest that the quasi-BIC resonance is preferred when one employs all-dielectric nanostructure arrays for the trapping and

• resonance and the associated high-field enhancement. The ideal BIC has an infinite Q-factor and zero resonance linewidth, so it can only exist as a mathematical quantity and cannot be excited by free-space radiations. However, with some intentional perturbations in the geometry or objective loss channels

• the system to break the symmetry, the coupling to external radiations can be enabled with the efficiency controlled by the level of perturbation. These quasi-BICs can provide higher Q-factors and usually higher field enhancement than those of the TD resonance and the anapole mode. As a result, the

Quasi-guided modes resulting from the band folding effect in a photonic crystal slab for enhanced interactions of matters with free-space radiations

• Kaili Sun,
• Yangjian Cai,
• Uriel Levy and
• Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 322–328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.27

• . Plasmonic nanoantennas [3], although with relatively low Q-factors resulting from material dissipation, still provide a large level of field enhancement due to the deep-subwavelength level of mode confinement. As new alternatives to plasmonic nanostructures, all-dielectric nanostructures supporting Mie

• QGMs around the Γ point inherit the same mode profiles of the original guided mode at the boundary of the FBZ (the Χ point), where the field distributions are anti-symmetric in the ΓΧ direction. In addition, it is known that the maximum local field enhancement is determined by the resonance Q-factor

• and the mode volume [26]. For periodic structures, a discussion of the mode volume calculation can be found in [28]. The intermediate mode confinement within the photonic crystal slab structure and the ultrahigh Q-factors of the QGMs make it possible to obtain a huge electric field enhancement. Figure

Combining physical vapor deposition structuration with dealloying for the creation of a highly efficient SERS platform

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Walter Puglisi,
• Damien Thiry,
• Cristina Satriano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.10

• than 3 nm) to the surface experience the electromagnetic field [2]. Moreover, the chemical enhancement occurs at an even shorter effective distance range since the molecules have to bond to the metal surface. Therefore, even though high electromagnetic field enhancement can be achieved using SERS, the

Tunable high-quality-factor absorption in a graphene monolayer based on quasi-bound states in the continuum

• Jun Wu,
• Yasong Sun,
• Feng Wu,
• Biyuan Wu and
• Xiaohu Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 675–681, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.59

• perfect light confinement and giant field enhancement [25][26][27][28][29]. Hence, quasi-BICs can be utilized to design narrow-band absorbers with high Q-factor. Tunable absorption is interesting regarding many potential applications. There are generally two ways to achieve tunable absorption. One is to

• investigated. The absorber exhibits an absolute absorption of more than 50% using a graphene monolayer, which is attributed to the extremely high field enhancement in graphene associated with embedded bound states in the dielectric grating. The electromagnetic field distributions confirm the physical origin of

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• nanostructures. Besides this field enhancement, the excitation of the collective oscillations of the conduction electrons in metallic NPs results in strong absorption and scattering of light in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Moreover, even larger EM field enhancement can be obtained in noble

• behind the green emission enhancement of ZnO, which is associated with a strong local field enhancement generated by the LSPR of Au NPs [103]. After the excitation of ZnO, visible emission occurs and generates surface plasmon oscillations in the Au NPs attached to ZnO NRs. The electrons from the excited

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

On the stability of microwave-fabricated SERS substrates – chemical and morphological considerations

• Limin Wang,
• Aisha Adebola Womiloju,
• Christiane Höppener,
• Ulrich S. Schubert and
• Stephanie Hoeppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 541–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.44

• gold, silver, or copper. Additionally, the shape, density, and form of the nanoparticles on the SERS substrates were found to be critical parameters for field enhancement [4][7] and the formation of the so-called hot spots [4]. These hot spots can be created, for example, by nanoparticles forming small

• electromagnetic field enhancement, which we then relate to the morphological changes of our SERS substrates. The SEM images and the respective Raman investigations of the SERS substrates after treatment with different solutions are presented in Figures 3–5. Table 1 summarizes the determined key properties of the

• alterations of the electromagnetic field enhancement can be induced – either by changing the particle coverage or by inducing chemical changes of the silver nanoparticle substrates. Conclusion We demonstrated the effect of different organic solvents, biological buffer systems, and water on the performance of

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of water in aqueous dispersions of silver nanoparticles

• Paulina Filipczak,
• Krzysztof Hałagan,
• Jacek Ulański and
• Marcin Kozanecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 497–506, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.40

• is also an important issue. It is shown that a strong electric field enhancement takes place on the edges and on the tips of a triangular nanoscale prism (in this case, the AgNPs blue sample) in comparison to a low enhancement on a spherical surface (AgNPs yellow sample) [40]. To verify the influence

The influence of an interfacial hBN layer on the fluorescence of an organic molecule

• Christine Brülke,
• Oliver Bauer and
• Moritz M. Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1663–1684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.149

• additional enhancement [46]. According to the electromagnetic mechanism, on a rough surface, surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) can also be excited by the incident light. The surface plasmons are located in the vicinity of surface defects, such as protrusions. The field enhancement at these defects leads to

Optically and electrically driven nanoantennas

• Monika Fleischer,
• Dai Zhang and
• Alfred J. Meixner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1542–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.136

• configurations with increasing control over their optical performance [1][2][3][4]. The strong local near-field enhancement by plasmonic nanoantennas is being harnessed for high sensitivity, high-resolution optical nanospectroscopy techniques [5], such as surface-enhanced or tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS

• of their optical phonon response. High local field enhancement is likewise required in TERS experiments, where a tip with a hotspot located at its apex is scanned across a sample surface. The performance of a TERS measurement is closely related to the quality of the tip [46]. Therefore, researchers

• are on the lookout for nanotips that can be prepared fast and with reproducible properties, and at the same time, aim for ever higher field enhancement and localization to improve the sensitivity and spatial resolution of the TERS information. In [47], an earlier protocol for etching thin gold wires

Revealing the local crystallinity of single silicon core–shell nanowires using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Marius van den Berg,
• Ardeshir Moeinian,
• Arne Kobald,
• Yu-Ting Chen,
• Anke Horneber,
• Steffen Strehle,
• Alfred J. Meixner and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1147–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.99

• the coupling between the oscillation field in the excited tip and its mirror image in the substrate. We have shown in a previous theoretical work that the permittivity of the tip and the substrate influences the near-field enhancement at the tip apex significantly [33]. In the next set of experiments

Integrated photonics multi-waveguide devices for optical trapping and Raman spectroscopy: design, fabrication and performance demonstration

• Gyllion B. Loozen,
• Arnica Karuna,
• Mohammad M. R. Fanood,
• Erik Schreuder and
• Jacob Caro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 829–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.68

• excitation waveguides launch multiple coherent beams towards the center of the device, leading to a field enhancement around the center and thus effectively neutralizing the light concentration near the facets. In this way, a region of trapping is realized around the device center, where a single particle of

• has the highest energy density in the x-range of 1.5–4.5 μm. The latter property is advantageous for multiple waveguides around a microbath with a radius of about 3 μm (optimum for, say, 1 μm diameter particles and smaller), since the strongest field enhancement can be realized using multiple beams

• directions towards the center of the microbath leads to a strong field enhancement in the center and considerably counteracts the unwanted effect of light concentration near the waveguide facets. Thus, a region of preferential trapping is realized around the device center, where several hot spots resulting

Evolution of Ag nanostructures created from thin films: UV–vis absorption and its theoretical predictions

• Robert Kozioł,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Damian Koszelow,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 494–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.40

• connections resulting in hot spots for field enhancement. Thus, they only yield a relatively weak enhancement of the scattered field filling almost all gaps on the entire plane. But we can still identify a few interparticle gaps where we observe strong (two to five times) intensity enhancements (hot spots

Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Yongda Yan,
• Li Wang,
• Peng Miao,
• Yimin Han,
• Xinming Zhang,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Yanquan Geng,
• Zhankun Weng,
• Daniel Laipple and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2483–2496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.239

• chemical (CM) [5] and electromagnetic enhancement (EM) [6][7]. The CM enhancement is the main factor for charge transfer between the SERS substrate and probe molecule. The EM field enhancement is the main factor for localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and significantly depends on the induced near

• local electric field enhancement is caused when a single nanoparticle comes in contact with the sample and the “hot spots” are formed by multiple nanoparticles to improve the electric field intensity and local electromagnetic field. Zhang et al. [32] deposited a Ag film of 30 nm and a Au film of 10 nm

• hierarchical substrates can contribute to the following points: (1) the pyramidal cavities and pile-up of copper substrate can be employed as an amplifier and can induce a large electric field intensity. (2) The adjacent AgNPs can generate an additional electrical field enhancement. Theoretically, AgNP

Correlation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with the surface density of gold nanoparticles: evaluation of the critical number of SERS tags for a detectable signal

• Vincenzo Amendola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1016–1023, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.102

• phenomena, the local electric field enhancement due to the surface plasmon resonance of the metal nanostructure (electromagnetic enhancement) and the charge transfer between the molecule and the metal substrate (chemical enhancement) [6][7][8]. In addition, given the generally low Raman scattering cross

• allows the generation of Raman scattering signals as intense as that of fluorescent compounds and, in fact, can be exploited for Raman labelling [13][14][15][16][17]. A SERS tag is typically composed of a plasmonic nanostructure capable of large electromagnetic field enhancement, coated with organic

• ][53][54]. This corresponds to a constellation of electromagnetic hot spots inside each nanoaggregate, where the local field enhancement is achieved in order to amplify the Raman signal of the adsorbed molecules by several orders of magnitude. This is further substantiated by numerical calculations of

Fabrication of silver nanoisland films by pulsed laser deposition for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Bogusław Budner,
• Mariusz Kuźma,
• Barbara Nasiłowska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Malwina Liszewska and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 882–893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.89

• cheap, reliable, reproducible and efficient SERS substrates. The SERS effect is generally assumed to mainly originate in the electromagnetic field enhancement caused by a localized surface plasmon excitation in nanostructures through the incident laser light. With respect to the substrate. It depends on

Renewable energy conversion using nano- and microstructured materials

• Harry Mönig and
• Martina Schmid

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 771–773, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.76

• scattering can be tailored to give rise to field enhancement, path-length enhancement and finally increased absorption. Nano- and microtextures in Si heterojunction solar cells are addressed from a theoretical point of view in [3], whereas [5] additionally presents an experimental verification of the

Biomimetic synthesis of Ag-coated glasswing butterfly arrays as ultra-sensitive SERS substrates for efficient trace detection of pesticides

• Guochao Shi,
• Mingli Wang,
• Yanying Zhu,
• Yuhong Wang,
• Xiaoya Yan,
• Xin Sun,
• Haijun Xu and
• Wanli Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 578–588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.59

• violet (CV) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 10−11 M. The 3D finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) simulation results suggest that the simulated electromagnetic field enhancement of Ag-G.b.-20 is close to the experimental value. Meanwhile, the Ag-G.b.-20 nanohybrids exhibited good stability and

• . Simultaneously, suitable nanogaps between the adjacent nanostructures were generated in which high near-field enhancement could be achieved. As shown in the inset of Figure 2e, where the Nano Measurer 1.2 software was used, the average width of the nanofilm was approximately 170 ± 10 nm (the average width was

• localized in the narrow nanogaps where the electromagnetic field enhancement occurs. Long-term stability and SERS reproducibility of the Ag-G.b.-20 SERS substrates In addition to high SERS enhancement and sensitivity, long-term stability is another important parameter for an ideal SERS substrate. Therefore

Quantification and coupling of the electromagnetic and chemical contributions in surface-enhanced Raman scattering

• Yarong Su,
• Yuanzhen Shi,
• Ping Wang,
• Jinglei Du,
• Markus B. Raschke and
• Lin Pang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 549–556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.56

• wide range of field enhancements, provide a way to determine relative contributions of chemical and electromagnetic field-enhancement in SERS measurements of benzenethiol. We find a chemical enhancement of 2 to 14 for different vibrational resonances when referencing against a vibrational mode that

• increase the local field enhancement in the transition from planar to nanostructured substrates of variable SERS enhancement, the intensity ratios of I(ω2)/I(ω1) and I(ω3)/I(ω1) remain largely constant within the uncertainty of the experiment. Enhancement factor calculation To estimate the underlying CE

• range of Raman modes studied, we can neglect spectral variations of the electromagnetic field enhancement, e.g., due to plasmonic effects, and assume that the electromagnetic enhancement is the same for all modes. The relative enhancement will then reflect the variations of CE for the different modes

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

• which the height of the scanning probe, i.e., the tip–sample distance, is regulated to keep the current between tip and sample constant at a predefined current set-point. This takes advantage of the fact that the emission current depends on the electric field enhancement near the tip (Equation 4), which

Low cost tips for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy fabricated by two-step electrochemical etching of 125 µm diameter gold wires

• Antonino Foti,
• Francesco Barreca,
• Enza Fazio,
• Cristiano D’Andrea,
• Paolo Matteini,
• Onofrio Maria Maragò and
• Pietro Giuseppe Gucciardi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2718–2729, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.254

• tip is the key element in TERS. Its field enhancement and confinement capabilities determine the signal amplification, the spatial resolution and the reproducibility of the results. The material, morphology, aspect ratio and size of the tip apex are expected to determine the optical properties of the

• intrinsically scalable and tips of any kind of material can be used, but the reproducibility is low and the field enhancement is not excellent. Nanofabrication methods guarantee optimal control of the dimensions and reproducibility, but they are serial techniques, i.e., slow, and fabrication costs are high. In

Silencing the second harmonic generation from plasmonic nanodimers: A comprehensive discussion

• Jérémy Butet,
• Gabriel D. Bernasconi and
• Olivier J. F. Martin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2674–2683, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.250

• nanostructures corresponds to the limited far-field second harmonic radiation despite the huge fundamental electric field enhancement in the interstice between two plasmonic nanoparticles forming a nanodimer. In this article, we report a comprehensive investigation of this effect using a surface integral

• concentrate light into subwavelength regions [1][2]. The collective oscillations of these electrons in a given plasmonic nanostructure are called localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) [3][4][5]. The high electric field enhancement associated with the optical excitation of such a resonance has been

• is to take advantage of the huge field enhancement associated with the excitation of LSPR in nanoantennas to obtain a high nonlinear conversation rate, despite very small interaction volumes (much smaller than μm3) [13]. This strategy has been proven to be very successful for various nonlinear

Nanoantenna structures for the detection of phonons in nanocrystals

• Alexander G. Milekhin,
• Sergei A. Kuznetsov,
• Ilya A. Milekhin,
• Larisa L. Sveshnikova,
• Tatyana A. Duda,
• Ekaterina E. Rodyakina,
• Alexander V. Latyshev,
• Volodymyr M. Dzhagan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2646–2656, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.246

• ; details of the electric field averaging procedure are described in [23]. When choosing the transverse spacing between nanoantennas Gy we exploited the condition of superposing the LSPR wavelength λLSPR and the 1st diffraction harmonics excited in a Si wafer to maximize the E-field enhancement [23]: λLSPR

• in terms of the field enhancement: linear nanoantennas (a, a’), H-shaped nanoantennas (b, b’), and linear microantennas (c). In all three cases the transverse period Gy = 15380 nm was chosen to coincide with the 1st diffraction lobe onset point as explained above. The relative E-field peak

Enhancement of X-ray emission from nanocolloidal gold suspensions under double-pulse excitation

• Wei-Hung Hsu,
• Frances Camille P. Masim,
• Armandas Balčytis,
• Hsin-Hui Huang,
• Tetsu Yonezawa,
• Aleksandr A. Kuchmizhak,
• Saulius Juodkazis and
• Koji Hatanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2609–2617, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.242

• (Figure 4b) consistent with thermalization of electrons and ions [6]. Ponderomotive action and light field enhancement The formation of surface waves via capillary driven instabilities occurring at longer times (nanoseconds) is affected by the linear momentum transferred to the film surface, which as be

• strong light-field enhancement of about four-times is expected at the gold–water interface, where the ENZ region is created. New possibilities can be explored in applications by using the proposed hard X-ray generation under ambient conditions. Creation and localization in time and space of the high

• was fixed at E2 = 700 μJ. A positive z-shift corresponds to an upward movement of solution position towards the incoming laser pulse (see Figure 2a). The lines are guides to the eye. FDTD simulations of light-field enhancement under the conditions of the experiment: angle of incidence 60°, 800 nm

Au–Si plasmonic platforms: synthesis, structure and FDTD simulations

• Anna Gapska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2599–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.241

• Si surface is shown. It is the result of the FDTD simulation for 395 nm wavelength. So-called hotspots (places of a strong field enhancement) are clearly visible, especially between nanoparticles located close to each other. The average intensity is generally higher in the center of the sample